manufacturers are free to design as they may (obviously within limits).

Some of the specifications such as loft, lie and face angle vary by manufacturer to manufacturer or within the same companies offering of clubs. Loft or lie may vary in the same company’s product line because of who the model is designed for. The loft may be stronger if the center of gravity is further back behind the face or the lie may be more upright if it was design for the mid or higher handicapped golfer. It is not that hard to see 3 or 4 degrees difference in these two specifications. However, each and every company measures these specifications nearly identical as there are heavy duty specification gauges to help register the club by the foundry, plus the design and QC departments of the golf club company.

Other specifications such as flex, torque and even grip size are more generic in nature. One company idea of each of these specifications may be completely different from another